Peritoneal dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen (called the peritoneum) to filter waste, extra fluid, and toxins from your blood inside your body. Before starting, a surgeon places a soft tube called a catheter into your belly. During treatment, a special fluid called dialysate flows into your abdomen through this catheter. While the fluid stays in your belly for several hours—called the dwell time—it absorbs wastes and excess water from your blood through the peritoneum.

After the dwell time, you drain the used fluid from your abdomen, which now contains the waste products and extra fluid your body no longer needs. This draining and refilling process is called an exchange. You typically need to do three to four exchanges daily or alternatively use a machine at night that automates the exchanges while you sleep. During the dialysate’s dwell time, you can usually move around and do your normal activities.

Peritoneal dialysis gives you more independence compared to other dialysis types because you can do it at home or work. It also allows a less restricted diet and often preserves your remaining kidney function longer than other dialysis methods. However, it does not cure kidney failure; it helps control symptoms and prolong life. The treatment feels like having a full belly but usually is not painful.