Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis is a condition in which the tiny filters in your kidneys, called glomeruli, become inflamed and damaged. These filters are crucial for removing waste and extra fluid from your blood. When they are not working properly, waste can build up and cause problems throughout your body.

There are different causes of glomerulonephritis. Sometimes, it develops after an infection in your throat or skin. In other cases, it may occur because of immune system conditions like lupus or due to certain genetic factors. Occasionally, the exact cause is unknown.

Typical symptoms of glomerulonephritis include swelling in your face, hands, feet, or belly due to the body retaining fluid. You might also notice your urine looks pink or reddish (from blood), or foamy (from protein). Some people feel more tired than usual, or have less urine output.

Nephrologist diagnose glomerulonephritis based on your symptoms, urine and blood tests, and sometimes imaging tests like an ultrasound. In some cases, a kidney biopsy—which uses a small sample of kidney tissue—helps confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Options may include medications to control blood pressure, reduce swelling, or suppress the immune system. Managing salt and fluid intake can also help. In severe cases, dialysis may be needed to support kidney function. Regular follow-ups with your nephrologist are important for ongoing care.